Public and Private Lifes in Eighteen Century France

In eighteenth century France, the ambiguous terms of â€Å"public life† versus â€Å"private life† affected the everyday life of politicians, entertainers, and the private lives of many married couples. In Jeffery Merrick’s essay â€Å"Sexual Politics and Public Order in Late Eighteenth-Century France: The Mà ©moires secrets and the Correspondance secret† he endeavored to portray the public’s fixation with private dealings and affairs was partially due to the family being perceived as the model for relations between authority and their subordinates. The view of this family model being so crucial to public life in turn meant that anything that disrupted the family model and relationships was detrimental to society. Inappropriate sexual behavior within private life was publically believed to damage the stability of the authority-subordinate relationship model; therefore the French saw private activities as a concern of the public for the well being o f society. Family in eighteenth century France was ruled much like the monarch ruled France. Both were ruled based on the dogma of patriachalism, absolutism, and Catholicism (Merrick 171). The model of a French family was portrayed as a miniature kingdom; the father as the patriarch with absolute authority and his wife and children as his subjects. During this time period women were deemed as physically, mentally and morally inferior and were restrained to the roles of wife, mother, and homemaker (Merrick 172). Because the family model was soShow MoreRelatedSatire : The Fundamental Function Of Satire1644 Words   |  7 PagesComedy plays a fundamental role in my life, ranging from the witty encounters with likeminded people and the way that humour permeates through my family life. On a personal level, I tend to enjoy satirical comedy above all other sub-genres, and in particular, slapstick comedy. 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Terrorism And Its Effects On The World - 2549 Words

Terrorism, as defined by Merriam Webster Dictionary, is â€Å"the use of violent acts to frighten the people in an area as a way of trying to achieve a political goal†. Terrorism has always been a serious threat to the nation, but has recently come to the forefront of international affairs. After the attacks on the Twin Towers on September 11th, 2001, militant groups have started to assert their dominance in the world more and more. From countless fatal bombings to the 2015 Paris Attacks, groups such as Al Qaeda and ISIS have killed or injured thousands, destroyed immense amount of property, and instilled fear into the hearts of all. This allows for many people to question, what makes these groups so effective? How do terrorists find so much†¦show more content†¦It was a commercial complex, and the Twin Towers were considered the â€Å"centerpiece.† These two buildings were specifically targeted on 9/11. These towers were the tallest buildings in New York. Insi de them, their was collectively 430 companies and 35,000 people. On the day of the attack, four commercial airline planes were hijacked by 19 terrorist suicide militants. The first two planes, each fully boarded with passengers, were each crashed into the Twin Towers. The first of the two planes crashed high up on the towers. The first plane collided with the North Tower at around 8:45 AM, and many thought it was an accident. It was not until the second plane collided with the South Tower around 9:00 AM. At this point, people knew for certain it was a terrorist attack. The third plane, however, did not attack New York. This plane, again a fully boarded commercial airline, crashed into the Pentagon building in Arlington, Virginia, around 9:40 AM. The fourth and final plane crashed into a vacant field in western Pennsylvania after the passengers began to fight back. These four attacks collectively killed close to 3,000 people- 2,753 in New York, 184 people in the Pentagon, and 40 peop le on the fourth flight. The ideology behind the September 11th attacks was studied intensely afterwards. Since Al Qaeda did not have the ability to take out America’s military, they chose to attack symbolic sites instead. The Twin Towers served to represent â€Å"globalization and America’s economic

How Have Plastic Bags Negatively Affected the Environment free essay sample

The majority of the human population has died out due to unsustainable methods of resource use. All this is in the ancient past, but still, one thing remains: plastic. As the waves roll upon the beach, they hold within their grasp plastic wrappers, containers, but most of all bags. They drift in the wind over America’s great prairies and are caught on rocks at the highest peaks. Animals are seen wrapped in plastic struggling to move and breathe while others lie motionless on the ground having given up the struggle to free themselves. Society’s descendents can no longer lie on the beach and enjoy the sun due to the thick layer of plastic covering the sand on the Earth’s beaches. Now think about this: is it worth it? The negative effects of the use of thin plastic bags outweigh the positive benefits. As the Earth’s population grows and grows, more and more resources are consumed. We will write a custom essay sample on How Have Plastic Bags Negatively Affected the Environment? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Every minute, one million thin plastic bags are consumed worldwide by grocery stores, department stores, and street vendors. Americans alone consume approximately one hundred-two billion bags a year. This means that the average American consumes about five hundred bags each. Plastic grocery bags are recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the â€Å"Most Ubiquitous Consumer Item in the World†, and Susan Freinkel, author of Plastic: A Toxic Love Story, stated that â€Å"Plastic bags have come to represent the collective sins of the age of plastic† (Doucette 37). The use of plastic and plastic bags is much larger of a problem than what the general public is aware of. Plastic bags were introduced to US supermarkets in 1977 as an alternative to paper. These new bags were cheaper to produce and much stronger than the paper bag which was the most widely used bag in the US prior to 1977. The even more convenient â€Å"t-shirt† style bag was introduced five years later, the style of bag that is still widely used today by the street vendor to the largest grocery store chain. This is what began the â€Å"paper or plastic? † question that was heard in supermarkets everywhere throughout the eighties and nineties. By 1996, four out of every five grocery bags were plastic (â€Å"Plastic†). Plastic grocery bags are made from high-density polyethylene, or HDPE, which is created by the use of fossil fuels. They are very lightweight, cheap to manufacture, and carry over 1000 times their weight. This is one of the many reasons why these bags have been so popular for so long, and also, why they are so wasteful. One may put only two or three items in a bag, and give them away as if they were free, which they nearly are, costing only about . 5 cents (â€Å"Plastic†). The average lifespan of a grocery bag is only twelve minutes, and the average family uses sixty bags a month. By the time one gets home from the grocery store, the bags in the back seat are nearly ninety in â€Å"bag-years†. It is for this reason that every hour, nearly two hundred thousand plastic bags are land filled (â€Å"Plastic†). Early man-made plastics were first created in the 1850’s, though were not widely used until the early to mid 1900’s. In 1916, Rolls Royce began using plastics in its cars, boasting about their new strong, but lightweight technology. Scotch tape used plastics in its products in 1930, and polyethylene, fundamentally the same material used in plastic bags, began being used in radar during World War II. PVC was produced in the UK in the 1940’s as new war technology, and the prototype for the plastic shopping bag was created in the early 1950’s. Though they were first created in the fifties, they were not used widespread until the late seventies or early eighties (â€Å"A History†). The first plastic doll, Barbie, was introduced in 1959. This was a giant breakthrough in the use of plastics; the parents of young girls were flocking to the stores to get their daughters the new plastic Barbie dolls. Silicone breast implants were pioneered successfully in 1962, and Kevlar, the material used in bulletproof vests, was developed in 1965. Besides plastic bags, there is another plastic item seen everywhere: plastic bottles. These were introduced in 1973 and have since taken over the soda packaging market. It is hard for one to even find a soda bottle made from glass in the US anymore. An ironic â€Å"smart† car made from 90% plastics was created in 1994 and deemed the future of automotives. Recently, the Boeing 787 has been released with a skin made from 100% plastic and an inside which is made up of 50% plastic (â€Å"A History†). This jet is called the â€Å"Plastic Dream†, but sadly, this dream may soon turn into a nightmare. There are a couple of very fundamental and clearly problematic issues with the use of plastic grocery bags worldwide. They are not biodegradable, which means that it may take thousands of years or longer for these bags to break down. They are though, photodegradable which means they are broken down by photons, or light energy (â€Å"B. Y. O. B. †). This still takes a very long time, and in areas which receive little to no light, like very cloudy areas or the non photovoltaic levels of the ocean, the bags may not break down at all. This means that if humans are not present by the year four thousand, wildlife may still suffer from human activities long after they are gone. Most plastic bags end up in the ocean and in a variety of different ways. Because the bags are very lightweight, they float upon the wind quite easily. Ships add to the problem by illegally dumping their waste and garbage into the ocean. The bags are also washed down storm drains and drained into the ocean like many other kinds of pollution. This waste does not just go away, it ends up in garbage dumps in the middle of the ocean. Wind currents blowing over the ocean in a pattern creates gyres, which are large rotating ocean currents. This is where much of the world’s trash ends up: in large rotating garbage dumps in the middle of the world’s oceans (â€Å"B. Y.O. B. †). These are nicknamed â€Å"plastic islands† and can span thousands of square miles. There are several of these islands floating in the Pacific alone, with the largest being the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, located in the North Pacific Gyre as shown in Figure A. Plastics are found in every test sample taken from in or around these areas, and they show that the amount of plastic floating in the ocean is much higher than first thought. One of the most common forms of plastic found in these samples is high density polyethylene, the material thin plastic grocery bags are made from. There are more plastic fragments created by plastic’s photodegradation in many of these areas than there are plankton, the main food source for many marine animals. Animals mistake the plastic fragments for food fragments and consume them. As these build up the creatures’ stomachs, the animals begin to starve and eventually die. (â€Å"B. Y. O. B. †) Still, many tons of garbage still wash up on beaches worldwide. The International Coastal Clean-Up reported that in the last several years, plastic bags were second only to cigarette butts in beach litter.

Volleyball Expectations Essay Example

Volleyball Expectations Essay My expectations from the team this year are to be good teammates for one another and everyone on the team. This looks like welcoming, encouraging, and helping each other during workouts, practice, and games. It doesn’t mean that everyone has to be best friends, but just that the players treat each other as our motto: â€Å"It’s a team thing†. My expectations from the coaching staff this year are to watch and correct individual mistakes and not to let bad habits go unnoticed. I like how the coaches will focus on what we are doing and talk to us about how to fix anything.The personal attention for everyone helps us all to become better players. Skill wise, I bring to the table for this team that I am able to get a good pass to the setter, can play serve receive, and I have a jump serve. I focus on back row because it all starts with a pass. In terms of attitude and leadership, I bring to the table for this team a positive attitude. If a teammate gets discouraged ab out what they’re doing, I want to encourage them to play the next ball and not worry about their mistakes.For leadership, when we are out on the court and come together in the middle to talk, I tell the girls that what we need to focus on or add motivation to finish a game. At this time, I perceive my strengths are that I am a fast learner and work at correcting my mistakes after instruction. I feel that my weaknesses are that I haven’t learned all of the plays. For example, I’m most comfortable with hitting a 4 as an outside, and although I’ve been introduced to other hits I’m not as familiar with them.I see my role on the team this year as an all-around volleyball player. My role is to be a more efficient hitter/blocker, play defense, and go after every ball as hard as I can. I am to keep the ball in play no matter what. My individual short term goal for the next week at practice is to work on my hitting. I need to get more power and load up on m y step-close so I can jump higher. I also need to time my approach better to the ball (depending on its tempo) because at practice I was either too early or too late.My short term goal for our team for the next week at practice is to talk more on the court, because it was pretty much silent last time. We only really talked after coach pointed it out. And even then, we didn’t keep it up. Also, to call for the ball as loud as we can when hitting so the setter can hear us. A lot of confusion can be avoided this way. My individual long term goal for this season is to be able to become a better-rounded volleyball player. I want to improve on my hitting—I am off on my timing and on’t get low on my step-close to jump higher. Also, I want to be more accurate on hitting certain areas on the court. I want to be able to set and pass more on target as well, especially on out of system. My long term goal for our team this season is to be a team that other schools don’ t want to play because of both our consistency on defense and offense. I want our team to dig up balls that has the other side wondering how we were able to manage to get the ball up and hitting the ball so hard that the other players are hesitant to go after it.